Historic Maps – Through the Early Danish Period
This page presents maps including a single version from the French period plus the Danish maps created as the survey of the island was being completed. The maps include the 1750 manuscript map of Cronenberg and von Jaegersberg along with the two printings of the map by Jens Michelsen Beck and its many variations.
The images presented on this page are low resolution to ease page loading while providing an understandable representation of each map. Links lead to far higher resolutions of each map.
L’Isle de Ste. Croix, Scituée a 18 degr 48 minutes de lat Septentrionalle. Govuerée dupis 12 ans par Monsier duBois.
[The Isle of Ste. Croix, located at 18 degrees 48 minutes north lat. Governed for 12 years by Mr. duBois]
Print dated 1671 with data used to create map of unknown date
LaPointe map published by Du Tertre
This map was created during the French period on St. Croix, dated 1671. Several variations of this map created over a period of decades reflect the swollen proportions on the east end of St. Croix, considerably larger than what actually exists.
This specific map is notable for having south, rather than north, at the top of the map. Therefore, the east end is to the left side of this map. Many bays, points, and islets named can be correlated with current locations, while Salt River and Sandy Point reflect some of the place names lasting from the French period.
On this map, settlement is concentrated in the area of what today is Christiansted and areas to the south and both east and as far west as the Salt River area. A significant amount of settlement is also noted at the west end of St. Croix. Given the distortions on this map, depictions of locations of later estates required estimated locations.
A schematic of the Governor’s mansion appears on the map’s inset. This mansion was located in the vicinity of what today is La Grande Princesse.
Charte over Eilan det St Croix udi America
[Chart of the island of St. Croix in America]
1750 hand dated, with data likely through 1749
Cronenberg and von Jægersberg manuscript map
Johann Jacob Cronenberg and von Jægerseberg created this manuscript map in 1750 near the end of the initial Danish survey of St. Croix. Given the incomplete survey, the shore and southern highlands in the northwest between Salt River Bay and Ham’s Bluff remain poorly defined and somewhat inaccurate.
Aside from contributing to St. Croix’s survey and this map, Cronenberg is historically relevant for having an extramarital affair with Rachel Faucett Lavien, the mother of Alexander Hamilton, that caused both of them to be imprisoned and subsequently expelled from St. Croix. (The page linked has a far higher resolution copy of the Cronenberg and von Jægerseberg map than the linked Wikipedia page). His imprisonment from October 1749 through May 1750 precluded him from continuing work on the survey in the field, but the results of his work were preserved in this map. The survey work provided the basis for land ownership on St. Croix and future maps completed by others.
This map lay in obscurity until the 1980s, when it was rediscovered in the Danish archives by Daniel Hopkins. The detail on this map not only locates the typical map details, such as shores, roads, and watercourses, but also identifies property owners names, structures on properties, and what crops were planted on specific parcels.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
Print dated 1754, with data likely from 1752
Jens Michelsen Beck first printing
This first printing of the iconic map by Jens Michelsen Beck was the map printed in 1754. Anchoring its status as the map printed first, this map depicts only 8 windmills and 74 animal mills versus 21 windmills and 94 animal mills on the second printing.
While this map is relatively uncommon in archives compared to copies of the second printing, this map was the basis for one of the annotated maps included on this page. The printing plate that created this map appears to be the basis for the second printing with a number of several notable changes. The difference in the lettering identifying Wachthuss Point on the south shore is the most inexplicable. Other changes, such as the addition of windmills and animal mills are easier to explain, as are the obscuring of animal mills from the first printing that likely stopped operating by the time of the second printing.
Like the Cronenberg and von Jægersberg manuscript, this map was prepared prior to the completion of the survey. The northwest area between Salt River Bay and Hams Bluff remain unspecified and, in some instances, estates unnumbered. The shoreline is not equivalent to the actual and was changed using various methods on subsequent annotated and manuscript maps.
This map was also published shortly after the approval of the development of the town of Frederiksted in late 1751, and prior to its actual development. Note the difference in the titles of the insets, the plan for Frederiksted and the plan of Christiansted. The plan of Christiansted identifies specific buildings while the plan of Frederiksted is basically a street map, of which only the southern half was ever built.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
While the print retains the original date of 1754, the data used to create this second print is c.1755
Jens Michelsen Beck second printing
The second printing of the Beck map is tentatively dated c.1755 based on the count of 21 windmills depicted falling quite neatly on a line based on the number of windmills on other maps both before and after it that can be reliably dated.
As mentioned in the description of the first printing, only minor differences are found between the two maps. However, these differences raise interesting questions. For example, the difference in the lettering identifying Wachthuss Point on the south shore raises the issue of how the original printing plate was modified. The location, font, and orientation are sufficiently different from the first printing that this was likely done by a different engraver. Based on the same presentation of the three lines separating quarters, exact duplication of the appearance of animal mills and windmills across the two printings, and appearance of identical apparently arbitrary marks across the two printings, the maps were created by the same fundamental printing plate.
Erasure of certain elements between the two printings also underlines the use of the same fundamental printing plate. For instance, starting from the northwest in Northside A Quarter, the line between estate 23 and the property next to the coast is obscured in the second printing (Butler’s Bay/Prospect Hill). Also obscured are the animal mills appearing on the first printing in Queen’s Quarter estate 23 (Sion Hill) and Company’s Quarter 12 (Catherine’s Rest).
Another clue to the use of the same base printing plate is the superimposition of a windmill over the icon for an animal mill. This type of conversion can be seen in Prince’s Quarter estates 17, 29, and 53; King’s Quarter estates 6 and 17; Queen’s Quarter estates 15, 25, and 34; Company’s Quarter estate 2; and Northside B Quarter 1.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
1766 hand dated
Manuscript copy of the Beck 2nd printing containing a table with names of property owners
This manuscript copy of the printed Beck maps presents many of the same details and same information as the second Beck printing. The depiction of the island is substantially the same, along with the inclusion of the plan for Frederiksted and map of Christiansted. Similarly, the compass roses, sailing ships, and cartouche in the lower right corner are closely copied.
This map has similar depiction of windmills and animal mills as the second Beck printing. However, rather than 21 windmills, this map depicts only 20, excluding the windmill in estate 29 Prince’s Quarter. Similarly, this map depicts 96 animal mills rather than the 94 depicted on the printed map.
Further tying this to the second printed Beck map, the lettering identifying Wachthuss Point on the south shore matches the second printing in its position.
This map retains the uncertainty of the coastline in Northside A quarter, including whether or not some of the estates exist. These depictions indicate this map was straight from a copy of the printed map and not influenced by the annotated or manuscript copies that show an altered coastline and greater certainty for the outline of the estates in Northside A quarter.
This manuscript copy map includes a table with landowner names by estate numbers in each quarter. The names in this table are very close in content to two other maps with similar tables. This information appears hand drawn on the map’s paper rather than printed, especially considering differences between the precise presentation between this maps and others with the table.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
1766 Table dated
Annotated copy of the Beck first printing containing a table quantifying the number of windmills
This annotated map provides insights into the two printings plus how maps were used to update information for property ownership and sugar production machinery. This map used the Beck map first printing as its basis, evidenced by the original map’s sugar production machinery icons printed and all other icons hand drawn. Similarly, the lettering identifying Wachthuss Point on the south shore matches the first printing. The items obscured on the second printing are presented clearly on this map.
This map, like other annotated versions and many of the manuscript copies of the Beck map, joins together plantations that include more than one estate. Underlining the combination of the estates into a larger plantation is the hand tinting coloring each ownership unit. Each plantation also has the property owner name hand written. In addition to men’s names, ownership is also noted for widows and heirs. Some plantations attribute ownership to more than one man.
Th hand tinting on this map extends to the yellow curtain around the plan for Frederiksted, on the compass roses, on the sailing ships, plus highlights for the two cartouches at the bottom of the map. These details are unique on this map in the extent of tinting.
Hand tinting also emphasizes the change of the coastline in Northside A & B quarters. Starting just east of Hams Bluff, the coastline from the printed map was erased and redrawn further south, with blue tinting to depict the water.
A table quantifying windmills by quarter on this map presents the same information as similar tables on other annotated and manuscript copies of the Beck map. Each of the 4 maps on which this table is presented, the table totals 63 windmills and presents the identical breakdown of windmills by quarter. When included, the table is dated in July of either 1766 or 1767. The difference by a year of the date of the table creates uncertainty about the date for each of these maps. Compounding the uncertainty is the different number of windmills depicted on each map. On this map, between the mills printed on the original map plus the hand-drawn windmill icons in various estate, this map depicts 60 windmills, different from the 63 in the table. This map also depicts 85 animal mills.
Plan af det Kongel. Danske Eÿland St Croix udi America med dets Indeeling efter Quarteere og Plantager
[Plan of the Royal Danish Island St. Croix in America with its subdivision by quarters and plantations]
1766 attributed date
Unsigned manuscript copy of the Beck maps
This manuscript map includes the same overall depiction of St. Croix and the surrounding islets as the Beck map and appears to be a copy based on the printed map. Lack of a signature and a date requires further analysis to ascertain when it was created. The Royal Library in Denmark assigned a date of 1766.
On the island, Christiansted is presented along with the plan of Frederiksted that includes the portions both north and south of Fort Frederik. Other artistic elements are lacking from the printed maps.
The compass rose on this map mimics the relative position from the printed maps, although slightly to the north east. This feature is unique in having lines drawn out from it along all the cardinal directions, underlining that these historic maps did not place north at the top of the map. Instead, the historic maps aligned the quarter lines and estate boundaries parallel to the edges of the map.
On this map, windmills are presented as a pink circle with diameters crossing in the center perpendicularly. Animal mills are presented as a beige rectangle with an X running from one corner to the other.
The table totaling 63 windmills provides the same detail as the other 3 maps that provide this table. However, map only depicts 57 windmills.
Similar to other annotated and manuscript maps, estates are combined into larger plantation holdings. Property owner names are provided. However, none of the estates are tinted or outlined to clarify ownership.
This map does not identify Wachthuss Point on the south shore. Other bays and points are identified.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America]
1766 hand dated
JH Zollner manuscript copy of Beck maps
This manuscript map copies Beck’s second map attributes creation to J.H. Zollner with the date 1766. Like other manuscript copies, the depiction of the island of St. Croix and various islets matches Beck’s depiction. On the island, Christiansted is presented along with the plan of Frederiksted that includes the portions both north and south of Fort Frederik. Unlike Beck, this map omits the town plans, one of the sailing ships, and one of the cartouches. The cartouche in the lower left corner of this manuscript map contains a similar title but different organization of artistic elements.
This map includes icons for windmills and animal mills. Unlike the other maps including a table tallying the windmills in each quarter, this map depicts 63 windmill icons, matching the total from the table.
Similar to other annotated and manuscript maps, estates are combined into larger plantation holdings. Property owner names are provided with landholdings tinted and in some cases outlined in a slightly darker shade to clarify ownership. The condition of the map creates difficulty in reading some of the property owner names.
This map does not identify Wachthuss Point on the south shore. Other bays and points are identified.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
1767 hand dated
Annotated copy of the Beck second printing containing a table quantifying the number of windmills
This annotated map was created from the second printing of Beck’s map. Evidence of this is the presence of the windmills and animal mills from that printing along with the placement of the identification of Wachthuss Point on the south shore.
This map, like other annotated versions and many of the manuscript copies of the Beck map, joins together plantations that include more than one estate. Underlining the combination of the estates into a larger plantation is the hand tinting coloring each ownership unit. Unlike some of the other maps, this map does not have a darker shade of tinting outlining plantations encompassing more than one estate.
Similar to the 1766 annotated copy, the figures around the two cartouches at the bottom of the map are tinted. However, the sailing ships, compass roses, or other features are not hand tinted.
Each plantation also has the property owner name hand written. In addition to men’s names, ownership is also noted for widows and heirs. Some plantations attribute ownership to more than one man.
The table totaling 63 windmills provides the same detail as the other 3 maps that provide this table. However, this map only depicts 60 windmills. The hand-written date of June 1767 calls into question the completeness of the data incorporated into the map compared to some of the maps dated in 1766.
This map corrects the shoreline in Northside A & B quarters. Rather than erasing previous details, this map estimates the shoreline further south with a thin solid line and hand tinting going up to that line. The shoreline clearly is not meant to be precisely depicted due to the sinuous nature of the thin solid line. However, this likely was intended to highlight the error on the printed map and provide details for the estates that actually exist in Northside A & B quarters.
For windmills and animal mills added to this map, the hand-drawn icons vary in size, style, and location depending on other information written into the estate. Any claim that the hand-drawn icons on this map are meant to reflect their relative placement on the land does not generally seem to be supported. The unnumbered estates in Northside A & B quarters remain unnumbered, although information appears in these estates.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
1767 hand dated
Annotated copy of the Beck second printing containing a table quantifying the number of windmills
This annotated map was created from the second printing of Beck’s map. Evidence of this is the presence of the windmills and animal mills from that printing along with the placement of the identification of Wachthuss Point on the south shore.
This map, like other annotated versions and many of the manuscript copies of the Beck map, joins together plantations that include more than one estate. Underlining the combination of the estates into a larger plantation is the hand tinting coloring each ownership unit. The color scheme for the tinting differs from other annotated Beck maps. Unlike some of the other maps, this map does not have a darker shade of tinting outlining plantations encompassing more than one estate.
Unlike other annotated copies, the figures around the two cartouches at the bottom of the map, the sailing ships, compass roses, or other features are not hand tinted.
Each plantation has the property owner name hand written. In addition to men’s names, ownership is also noted for widows and heirs. Some plantations attribute ownership to more than one man.
The table totaling 63 windmills provides the same detail as the other 3 maps that provide this table. However, this map only depicts 56 windmills along with 92 animal mills. The hand-written date of June 1767 calls into question the completeness of the data incorporated into the map compared to some of the maps dated in 1766.
This map corrects the shoreline in Northside A & B quarters. Rather than erasing previous details, this map estimates the shoreline further south with a thin solid line and hand tinting going up to that line. The shoreline clearly is not meant to be precisely depicted due to the relatively straight nature of the thin solid line, unlike the other annotated map dated 1767 that had a sinuous line. However, this likely was intended to highlight the error on the printed map and provide details for the estates that actually exist in Northside A & B quarters.
For windmills and animal mills added to this map, the hand-drawn icons vary in size, style, and location depending on other information written into the estate. Any claim that the hand-drawn icons on this map are meant to reflect their relative placement on the land does not generally seem to be supported. The unnumbered estates in Northside A & B quarters remain unnumbered, although information appears in these estates.
Die Insel Sainte Croix mit den Namen der Plantagen die bestændig sind
[The island of Sainte Croix with the names of existing plantations]
1767 print dated
Paul Küffner
This map’s publication in conjunction with Oldendorp’s book of his missionary work on St. Croix presents information in German rather than Danish. This map depicts the shoreline, surrounding islets, coastal place names, water bodies and courses, a compass rose, a cartouche with legend, and a scale bar in German miles. The landscape also includes stylized hills in areas corresponding with hilly areas on St. Croix. A fort indicated north of the gut in Frederiksted suggests some unfamiliarity with the west end, since the fort lies to the south of the gut. Another fort appears in the Mount Welcome area, just east of Christiansted.
While at first glance the plantation icons appear placed somewhat randomly on this map, close analysis reveals systematic presentation. Using the quarter boundaries as a guide, including straight lines across the map to recreate the estate boundaries reveals that all settlement icons, including the plantations with a sugar mill and the other plantations, fall neatly into the rectangles that correspond with the information on other maps. Looking across the icons in West End and Prince’s Quarters, many of the icons are in a fairly straight line going left to right across the map. The icons indicating a sugar mill, especially further south in these quarters, remain in a line with small variations north and south that correspond with windmill and animal mill depiction on various versions of the Beck map.
While at first glance the plantation icons appear placed somewhat randomly on this map, close analysis reveals systematic presentation. Using the quarter boundaries as a guide, including straight lines across the map to recreate the estate boundaries reveals that all settlement icons, including the plantations with a sugar mill and the other plantations, fall neatly into the rectangles that correspond with the information on other maps. Looking across the icons in West End and Prince’s Quarters, many of the icons are in a fairly straight line going left to right across the map. The icons indicating a sugar mill, especially further south in these quarters, remain in a line with small variations north and south that correspond with windmill and animal mill depiction on various versions of the Beck map.
Küffner does not distinguish between windmill and animal mill with the more general “sugar mills.” The icons have a circle with a line going up from it with an X through the line to indicate the sugar mills. On this map, 77 sugar mills appear and an additional 177 other indications of settlement.
For some of the settlements, names attributing ownership appear. These names can be difficult to connect with a specific settlement in some cases. Names often pass closely to several different settlement icons.
A curious settlement name found in Northside A quarter indicates the awareness of a runaway slave community. Maronberg shows an approximate location of a maroon settlement described in Oldendorp’s book as Maroon Hill.
Oldendorp’s book as published differs quite a bit from the manuscript submitted to the publisher. The changes made to the text indicate that the readers of the book would not take kindly to the depiction as conditions existed, but rather depicting them more favorably to the Europeans.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
1770 hand dated
Annotated copy of the Beck second printing
This annotated map was created from the second printing of Beck’s map. Evidence of this is the presence of the windmills and animal mills from that printing along with the placement of the identification of Wachthuss Point on the south shore.
This annotator was clearly interested primarily in land ownership, the nationality of the landowner, and whether or not sugar was planted. Annotations provide little other information on this map.
The hand-written inscription at the bottom of the legend of the Christiansted inset dates the map to 1770, translated: 1/ The plantations with edges shaded in red belong to native Danes resident in Denmark. 2/ Sugar plantations are where the name is underlined with red. Anno 1770
This map, like other annotated versions and many of the manuscript copies of the Beck map, joins together plantations that include more than one estate. Underlining the combination of the estates into a larger plantation is the hand tinting coloring each ownership unit in either red or green. Red tinting indicates a Dane owns the plantation. Other estates and plantations may be tinted green or have no apparent tinting. Plantations including more than one estate have a darker shade of tinting outlining plantation boundaries. Unlike other annotated maps, adjoining plantations and estates owned by different landowners may be tinted the same color.
Each plantation also has the property owner name hand written. In addition to men’s names, ownership is also noted for widows and heirs. Some plantations attribute ownership to more than one man.
Unlike some of the other annotated maps, tinting other than to indicate land ownership is minimal. The annotator added light blue tinting around the coastline as the only artistic touch.
This map does not add any icons to the 21 windmills and 94 animal mills from the printed map. For the names underlined in red, 177 plantations indicate being planted in sugar. These plantations often contain more than one estate. For the distribution of these, most estates in West End, Prince’s, King’s, Queen’s, Company’s, and Northside A & B quarters were planted in sugar. The far northern reaches of Northside A and the far southern extremity of Company’s Quarters were not planted in sugar. Only 5 plantations in East End A & B quarters were planted in sugar.
Of the icons printed on the map, only four estates with an animal mill did not have the landowner’s name underlined in red to indicate sugar production. The wide dispersal of these estate suggest, if the information on the map is accurate, that individual circumstances drove decisions. To elaborate, Northside A 32 (Patric Burnet) King’s 32 (Krause), Company’s 32 (Bodkin), and East End B 7 (Isaac Markoe) all attribute ownership to different individuals who are living men (not widows or heirs).
Unlike the other annotated and manuscript copy maps, this map does not adjust the coastline in the Northside quarters. The estates in Northside A quarter that were unnumbered on the printed map remain without numbers, despite adding the name of the landowner. As noted previously, few of these estates were indicated as being planted in sugar.
Tilforladelig kort over eylandet St. Croix udi America saaledes som det ved en acurat udmaaling er besunden med qvarterernes navne og enhver plantagies nummer efter hvilke de udi matriculen findes indförte og til enhver kiöber cederet beliggende paa 17 grader 38 minuter norder brede.
[Reliable map of the island of St. Croix in America, as it by an accurate survey is determined to be, with the quarters’ names and each plantation’s number, as they are to be found recorded in the land register and were conveyed to each buyer, situated at 17 degrees 38 minutes north latitude]
c.1770 for annotations
Annotated copy of the Beck second printing (no link to archival copy)
This annotated map shows a similar tinting pattern to some of the other annotated copies of the Beck map. This annotated map was created from the second printing of Beck’s map, evidenced by the presence of the windmills and animal mills from that printing along with the placement of the identification of Wachthuss Point on the south shore.
This map, like other annotated versions and many of the manuscript copies of the Beck map, joins together plantations that include more than one estate. Underlining the combination of the estates into a larger plantation is the hand tinting coloring each ownership unit. Unlike some of the other maps, this map does not have a darker shade of tinting outlining plantations encompassing more than one estate.
Similar to other elaborations of the Beck map, the drapery around the plan for Frederiksted is tinted, in this case in blue. However, unlike the other elaborations, no other tinting besides the plantations was added.
Each plantation also has the property owner name hand written. In addition to men’s names, ownership is also noted for widows and heirs. Some plantations attribute ownership to more than one man.
On this map, 67 icons for windmills appear and 80 icons for animal mills. The number of animal mills likely undercounts the true number operating at the time, since many plantations operated an animal mill in conjunction with a windmill and the icons simply over-wrote the animal mill with a windmill in many circumstances. In most plantations, the windmill and animal mills were likely located close to one another for operating reasons of bringing the harvested sugar cane to a central location and having the crushing machinery relatively close to the boiling house.
Unlike many of the Beck elaborations, this map does not include a table quantifying the number of windmills, nor does it have a table identifying landowners by estate number. In a related omission, this map does not provide a hand-written date for the annotations.
Unlike many of the Beck map elaborations, this map does not correct the shoreline in Northside A & B quarters. The lack of correction suggests that the annotator was most concerned about property owners than how accurately the map reflected the actual geography.
The annotator appears concerned with the accurate depiction of sugar-related machinery. In some cases, animal mills were added to estates where only a windmill was previously depicted. In other cases, an animal mill was scratched out with ink to most likely suggest the cessation of sugar production in that estate.
For windmills and animal mills added to this map, the hand-drawn icons vary in size, style, and location depending on other information written into the estate. Any claim that the hand-drawn icons on this map are meant to reflect their relative placement on the land does not generally seem to be supported. The unnumbered estates in Northside A & B quarters remain unnumbered, although information appears in these estates.
Go to the next page of historic maps in the maturing Danish period, 1770s-1800